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Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... Jan 2021Limited evidence has been established on associations between tobacco use and mental morbidity and health compromising behaviours. The study aimed to investigate the...
BACKGROUND
Limited evidence has been established on associations between tobacco use and mental morbidity and health compromising behaviours. The study aimed to investigate the associations between tobacco use, mental problems, and health risk behaviour among adolescents attending school in Indonesia.
METHODS
Nationally representative data were studied from 11,124 adolescents that took part in the cross-sectional "Indonesia Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) in 2015".
RESULTS
The prevalence of current tobacco use was 12.8%. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, compared to non-current or never tobacco users, current tobacco use was associated with eight of eight mental problem indicators (lonely, anxiety, no close friend, suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt and current alcohol use), two of four dietary risk behaviours (soft drink and fast food consumption) and seven of ten other health risk behaviours (in a physical fight, bullied, injury, ever sex, school truancy, and two sub-optimal hand hygiene behaviours).
CONCLUSION
Compared to nontobacco users, current tobacco users had significantly higher mental problem indicators and health risk behaviours. Multiple comorbidity with tobacco use should be targeted in interventions.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Indonesia; Male; Mental Health; Prevalence; Risk-Taking; Suicidal Ideation; Tobacco Use
PubMed: 33507676
DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.1.31 -
Preventive Medicine Jan 2022Research has separately established that there are disparities in tobacco use, that greater tobacco retailer density (TRD) is positively associated with tobacco use, and...
Research has separately established that there are disparities in tobacco use, that greater tobacco retailer density (TRD) is positively associated with tobacco use, and that TRD is greater in high poverty and high racial/ethnic minority neighborhoods. Connecting these topics, this study examined the association between disparities in TRD and disparities in the prevalence of tobacco use among adults and youth. We obtained Ohio data on tobacco use from two statewide adult surveys and two sub-state regional youth surveys (2017-2019). Licensed tobacco retailers in Ohio were geocoded within census tracts. Disparity in TRD within regions across the state was defined as the ratio of TRD in high vs. low poverty (and in high vs. low racial/ethnic minority) census tracts per region. Disparity in cigarette smoking (adults) and any tobacco use (youth) was defined as the ratio of use prevalence among socioeconomically disadvantaged vs. non-disadvantaged (and racial/ethnic minority vs. non-minority) individuals. We estimated Pearson correlation coefficients to assess the linear relationship between the TRD disparity ratios and tobacco use disparity ratios. Poverty-based and race/ethnicity-based TRD disparities were positively associated with smoking disparities among adults. Negative associations between TRD disparities and tobacco use disparities were found among youth. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis directly linking TRD disparities and tobacco use disparities. Different adult and youth findings may be due to trends by age and product preferences. For adults in particular, this analysis suggests a detrimental effect of the tobacco retail environment on disadvantaged populations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cigarette Smoking; Commerce; Ethnicity; Humans; Minority Groups; Nicotiana; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use
PubMed: 34921833
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106910 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2022: Young adults are the second largest segment of the immigrant population in the United States (US). Given recent trends in later age of initiation of tobacco use, we...
: Young adults are the second largest segment of the immigrant population in the United States (US). Given recent trends in later age of initiation of tobacco use, we examined variation in use of tobacco products by nativity status for this population group. : Our study included young adults 18-30 years of age sampled in the National Health Interview Survey (2015-2019), a nationally representative sample of the US population. We calculated prevalence of use of any and two or more tobacco products (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, e-cigarettes, and smokeless tobacco) for foreign-born ( = 3096) and US-born ( = 6811) young adults. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, and poverty, while accounting for the complex survey design. : Foreign-born young adults were significantly less likely to use any tobacco product (Cigarette = 7.3% vs. 10.7%; Cigar = 1.8% vs. 4.8%; E-cigarette = 2.3% vs. 4.5%, respectively; < 0.01) or poly tobacco use (1.9% vs. 4.2%; < 0.01) than US-born young adults. Adjusted regression models showed lower odds of poly tobacco use among the foreign-born than their US-born counterparts (Odds Ratio = 0.41, (95% Confidence Interval: 0.26-0.63)). : The findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions by nativity status and further tobacco prevention efforts needed for the US-born.
Topics: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Prevalence; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; Tobacco, Smokeless; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 35162251
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031230 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023Young adults often derive self-identity from affiliation with peer crowds, which may be defined as reputation-based peer groups centered around characterizable lifestyle...
BACKGROUND
Young adults often derive self-identity from affiliation with peer crowds, which may be defined as reputation-based peer groups centered around characterizable lifestyle norms. Little is known about peer crowds prevalent among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and other Pacific Islander (AANHPI) populations and the peer crowds' normative tobacco and other substance use behavior. To address this gap in knowledge, this study conducted focus groups with young adult community college students.
METHODS
Focus group discussions were conducted with a convenience sample of 42 young adults (Mean age = 21.5, SD = 2.7) recruited across community colleges on O'ahu, Hawai'i. The participants represented 60% women, 55% NHPI, and 29% Asian American.
RESULTS
Results indicated the presence of a wide range of peer crowds in the population, which may be classified into the following seven categories prevalent in the literature: Regular, Academic, Alternative, Athlete, Geek, High Risk, and Popular. Several peer crowds within the Alternative, Athlete, Geek, High Risk, and Popular categories appeared to represent subcultures relevant for NHPI young adults. High-risk peer crowds were reported to be vulnerable to different types of substance use. Tobacco product use, particularly e-cigarette use or vaping, was noted to be characteristically present among Popular crowds and certain Athlete crowds.
CONCLUSION
Tobacco and other substance use prevention interventions, such as mass media campaigns, may benefit from targeting high-risk peer crowds, especially those relevant for NHPI young adults, who are at high risk for tobacco and other substance use. E-cigarette use prevention interventions may benefit from paying close attention to vulnerable Popular and Athlete groups.
Topics: Young Adult; Humans; Female; Adult; Male; Hawaii; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Tobacco Use; Peer Group; Substance-Related Disorders; Tobacco Products
PubMed: 36673785
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021029 -
Indian Journal of Cancer 2022Tobacco use is one of the major public health problems in India and also the single most important remediable public health problem. Tobacco cessation is the need of the... (Review)
Review
Tobacco use is one of the major public health problems in India and also the single most important remediable public health problem. Tobacco cessation is the need of the hour. The dentists have a unique opportunity and professional obligation to be a positive influence in reducing the economic and social burden inflicted by tobacco use on dental and general health. However, dentists, in general, have not widely embraced tobacco cessation in practice. In this article, an evidence-based model (an adaptation of the World Health Organization "5As" tobacco cessation model) is presented for the dentist to help patients avoid tobacco initiation, to encourage and assist patients in tobacco cessation.
Topics: Dental Care; Humans; Nicotiana; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; Tobacco Use Cessation
PubMed: 35645050
DOI: 10.4103/ijc.IJC_104_20 -
Pediatrics Dec 2018: media-1vid110.1542/5839992833001PEDS-VA_2018-1505 BACKGROUND: Researchers in several studies have examined correlations between tobacco harm perceptions and tobacco...
UNLABELLED
: media-1vid110.1542/5839992833001PEDS-VA_2018-1505 BACKGROUND: Researchers in several studies have examined correlations between tobacco harm perceptions and tobacco use in youth, but none have prospectively addressed the association between harm perceptions and subsequent new use across multiple noncigarette products.
METHODS
Product-specific absolute and relative harm perceptions for cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), cigars, pipes, hookah, and smokeless tobacco were collected at wave 1 (W1) (2013-2014) among youth in the nationally representative US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (12-17 years of age; = 10 081). At wave 2 (W2) (2014-2015), product-specific new use was calculated. Adjusted relative risks were used to estimate if harm perceptions at W1 predicted W2 new tobacco use.
RESULTS
The proportion of youth who endorsed "a lot of harm" was highest for cigarettes (84.8%) and lowest for e-cigarettes (26.6%); the proportion of youth who thought products were "more harmful" than cigarettes was highest for cigars (30.6%) and lowest for e-cigarettes (5.1%). Among youth who had not used those products at W1, product-specific new use at W2 ranged from 9.1% (e-cigarettes) to 0.6% (pipes). Youth who believed that noncombustible tobacco products posed "no or little harm" at W1 were more likely to have tried those products at W2 ( < .05). Youth who viewed e-cigarettes, hookah, and smokeless tobacco as "less harmful" than cigarettes at W1 were more likely to try those tobacco products at W2 ( < .05).
CONCLUSIONS
Low harm perceptions of noncigarette tobacco products predict new use of these products by youth within the next year. Targeting product-specific harm perceptions may prevent new tobacco use among youth.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Perception; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Smoking; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; United States
PubMed: 30397167
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-1505 -
Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official... Jun 2019Tobacco marketing has expanded from cigarettes to other tobacco products through many promotional channels. Marketing exposure is associated with use of that tobacco...
INTRODUCTION
Tobacco marketing has expanded from cigarettes to other tobacco products through many promotional channels. Marketing exposure is associated with use of that tobacco product. However, it is unclear if marketing for one product leads to subsequent use of other tobacco products.
METHODS
This prospective cohort study assessed self-reported marketing exposure for six tobacco products across five marketing channels in 11th and 12th grade students in 2014. Approximately 16 months later, a follow-up survey was conducted online (N = 1553) to assess initiation of cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), and hookah.
RESULTS
Adolescent never-smokers with frequent exposure to cigarette marketing on the Internet and in stores are more than two times as likely to begin smoking as young adults (Internet OR = 2.98 [95% CI = 1.56 to 5.66]; stores OR = 2.83 [95% CI = 1.23 to 6.50]). Never users of e-cigarettes were significantly more likely to initiate use, if exposed to Internet, store, and outdoor e-cigarette marketing. Never users of hookah were more likely to use hookah after seeing it marketed in stores. Youth exposed to marketing of e-cigarettes, hookah, cigars, smokeless tobacco, and pipe tobacco in stores were two to three times more likely to begin smoking cigarettes even though the marketed products were not cigarettes.
CONCLUSIONS
Adolescent exposure to marketing of tobacco products is associated with initiation of those products as young adults. Exposure to marketing for non-cigarette tobacco products is associated with subsequent cigarette smoking, even when the promoted products are not cigarettes. Future research and interventions should consider the influence of marketing from multiple tobacco products on adolescent tobacco use.
IMPLICATIONS
Adolescents grow up in a rich media environment with exposure to tobacco marketing in both their homes (eg, through the Internet and television) and their communities (eg, stores and billboards). This prospective study provides evidence that adolescents exposed to tobacco marketing for multiple tobacco products are more likely to subsequently begin using those products and to begin smoking cigarettes even when the marketing they recall is for different tobacco products. Adolescent exposure to tobacco marketing can increase likelihood of cigarette smoking, e-cigarette, and hookah use with potential lifelong health effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Cohort Studies; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Marketing; Prospective Studies; Self Report; Smoking Water Pipes; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; Young Adult
PubMed: 29846704
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty107 -
Drug and Alcohol Dependence Mar 2022Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) populations have current cigarette/e-cigarette/cigar use rates ranging from 32.6% to 39.7%. Importantly, while some studies have...
BACKGROUND
Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) populations have current cigarette/e-cigarette/cigar use rates ranging from 32.6% to 39.7%. Importantly, while some studies have reported tobacco use as significantly higher among TGD versus cisgender individuals in multivariate analyses, others have reported no significant differences. The present study used data from wave 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, a large, nationally representative U.S. study, to examine relationships among sociodemographic characteristics, internal and external factors, and tobacco use behaviors, with a focus on TGD individuals.
METHODS
Data were from 33,628 adults from the PATH study's wave 4 (collected December 2016-January 2018). Multivariable logistic regression models examined differences in current tobacco use (cigarettes, electronic nicotine products, and cigars) between TGD and cisgender individuals through the replication of previous work using PATH data, as well as evaluating the role of other internal and external factors.
RESULTS
TGD individuals were 2-3 times more likely than cisgender individuals to report current nicotine/tobacco use, even after adjustment for potential confounders. TGD individuals tended to have lower income and education and be more likely to endorse a sexual minority identity than their cisgender counterparts; meanwhile, lower income, less education, and lesbian/gay and bisexual identities were significant predictors of nicotine/tobacco use, independent of TGD identity.
CONCLUSIONS
Present findings underscore the high rates of nicotine/tobacco use in the TGNC community and emphasize the necessity of TGD-focused research methods and measures, access to quality medical care, and policy aimed at minimizing marginalization and nicotine/tobacco use disparities experienced by TGD communities.
Topics: Adult; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Nicotine; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Tobacco Use; Transgender Persons
PubMed: 35038608
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109268 -
Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official... Feb 2019Young adulthood (aged 18-24) is a crucial period in the development of long-term tobacco use patterns. Tobacco advertising and promotion lead to the initiation and...
INTRODUCTION
Young adulthood (aged 18-24) is a crucial period in the development of long-term tobacco use patterns. Tobacco advertising and promotion lead to the initiation and continuation of smoking among young adults. We examined whether vulnerability factors moderated the association between tobacco advertisement liking and tobacco use in the United States.
METHODS
Analyses were conducted among 9109 US young adults in the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study wave 1 (2013-14). Participants viewed 20 randomly selected sets of tobacco advertisements (five each for cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco) and indicated whether they liked each ad. The outcome variables were past 30-day cigarette, e-cigarette, cigar, and smokeless tobacco use. Covariates included tobacco advertisement liking, age, sex, race or ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, poverty level, military service, and internalizing and externalizing mental health symptoms.
RESULTS
Liking tobacco advertisements was associated with tobacco use, and this association was particularly strong among those with lower educational attainment (cigarettes, cigars) and living below the poverty level (e-cigarettes, smokeless tobacco).
CONCLUSIONS
The association between tobacco advertisement liking and tobacco use was stronger among young adults with lower educational attainment and those living below the poverty level. Policies that restrict advertising exposure and promote counter-marketing messages in this population could reduce their risk.
IMPLICATIONS
This study shows that liking tobacco advertisements is associated with current tobacco use among young adults, with stronger associations for vulnerable young adults (ie, lower education levels and living below the poverty level). Findings suggest a need for counter-marketing messages, policies that restrict advertising exposure, and educational interventions such as health and media literacy interventions to address the negative influences of tobacco advertisements, especially among young adults with a high school education or less and those living below the poverty level.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Advertising; Female; Humans; Male; Marketing; Risk Factors; Tobacco Use; United States; Vulnerable Populations; Young Adult
PubMed: 30329102
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty220 -
Current Opinion in Oncology May 2018The present review aims to describe the epigenetic alterations observed in oral cancer linked to the exposure to alcohol and/or tobacco. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The present review aims to describe the epigenetic alterations observed in oral cancer linked to the exposure to alcohol and/or tobacco.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent findings emphasize the importance of epigenetics in oral cancer progression and in how risk factors (as tobacco and alcohol) affect the basal epigenetic profiles. Deeper techniques and detailed approaches allowed the perception that individual CG changes and even subtle changes may represent important epigenetic alterations resulting in expression changes and other carcinogenic consequences. New classes of epigenetic alterations including noncoding RNAs have been gaining attention.
SUMMARY
Many epigenetic alterations have been described in oral carcinoma progression induced by tobacco and/or alcohol, including: promoter hypermethylation in genes with tumor suppressive activity, global (genome-wide) hypomethylation, change in methylation patterns throughout the genes, alteration in noncoding RNAs, and histones modifications. These changes represent progress in the knowledge of how these risk factors act in a molecular level. There is an urgent need for large independent studies to move these potential makers further and validate them to identify risk assessment, early diagnostic markers, and therapeutic targets, as well as to be the base for prevention and intervention strategies.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Epigenesis, Genetic; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Tobacco Use
PubMed: 29538041
DOI: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000444